Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor

M. H. Anderson, J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman, E. A. Cornell

DSEID: DSEID-006-0737805
DOI: 10.1126/science.269.5221.198
Journal: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1995-7-14
Status: temporarily_unreachable

Abstract

A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 × 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.

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Metadata

Title: Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
Delta ID: DSEID-006-0737805
Authors: M. H. Anderson, J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman, E. A. Cornell
Abstract source: crossref
Source URL: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5221.198
Access: closed_or_uncertain
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